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directed differentiation
Directed Differentiation is a bioengineering methodology at the interface of stem cell biology, developmental biology and tissue engineering.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Turning straw into gold: directing cell fate for regenerative medic... - PubMed - NCBI )〕 It is essentially harnessing the potential of stem cells by constraining their differentiation in vitro toward a specific cell type or tissue of interest.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=An Error Occurred Setting Your User Cookie )〕 Stem cells are by definition pluripotent, able to differentiate into several cell types such as neurons,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Directed differentiation of embryonic stem cells into motor neurons. - PubMed - NCBI )〕 cardiomyocytes, hepatocytes, etc. Efficient ''Directed differentiation'' requires a detailed understanding of the lineage and cell fate decision, often provided by developmental biology.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Guiding embryonic stem cells towards differentiation: lessons from ... - PubMed - NCBI )〕
==Conceptual frame==
During differentiation, pluripotent cells make a number of developmental decisions to generate first the 3 germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) of the embryo and intermediate progenitors,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Embryonic stem cell differentiation: emergence of a new era in biology and medicine )〕 followed by subsequent decisions or check points, giving rise to all the body's mature tissues.〔 The differentiation process can be modeled as sequence of binary decisions based on probabilistic or stochastic models. Developmental biology and embryology provides the basic knowledge of the cell types' differentiation through mutation analysis, lineage tracing, embryo micro-manipulation and gene expression studies. Cell differentiation and tissue organogenesis involve a limited set of developmental signaling pathways.〔 It is thus possible to direct cell fate by controlling cell decisions through extracellular signaling, mimicking developmental signals.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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